Semillas de 125I en la localización de lesiones no palpables en pacientes con cáncer de mama / 125I radioactive seed localization for non-palpable lesions in breast cancer

OBJETIVO: El marcaje de lesiones no palpables en cáncer de mama mediante semillas de 125I es una alternativa al arpón quirúrgico. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados obtenidos con el uso de semillas de 125I frente a la que era la técnica de referencia en nuestro centro, el arpón quirúrgico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo en el que se incluyen pacientes con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de cáncer de mama, con lesiones no palpables, candidatas a tratamiento quirúrgico primario en las que se realizó marcaje con semilla de 125I (2016-2018) y con arpón (2015-2016). Se realizó análisis histopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica determinando la existencia de bordes afectos. Se calculó el volumen de la pieza quirúrgica. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron un total de 146 pacientes, 95 a las que se les realizó tumorectomía guiada con semilla de 125I y 51 con arpón. El volumen cubo medio de las piezas resecadas fue de 135,67cm3 vs.190,77cm3 (p = 0,017). El volumen ortoedro fue de 58,75cm3 vs.80,60cm3 (p = 0,003). Once de las pacientes marcadas con semillas presentaron afectación de bordes (11,6%) frente a 7 (13,2%) del grupo arpón (p = 0,084). Se realizó reescisión en 9 de las pacientes marcadas con semillas y en 7 del grupo arpón (p = 0,49). CONCLUSIÓN: El uso de semillas de 125I es factible en la localización de lesiones no palpables de mama, con una baja tasa de reintervención y volúmenes de piezas quirúrgicas significativamente inferiores a los obtenidos con arpón

AIM: Marking of non-palpable breast lesions with 125I radioactive seeds is an alternative to the use of the surgical wire. The objective of this work is to present the results that we have obtained using radioactive seed localization compared to the reference technique in our center, the wire localization of non-palpable breast lesions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Longitudinal prospective study that includes patients with histological diagnostic of breast cancer, with non-palpable lesions that are candidates to primary surgical treatment by radioactive seed localization (2016-2018) and by wire localization (2015-2016). Histological analysis of the surgical specimen was performed determining the status of surgical margins. The volume of the surgical specimen was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 146 patients were included, 95 who underwent surgery by radioactive seed localization and 51 by wire localization. The mean cube volume of the specimens were 135.67cm3 vs.190.77cm3 (p = 0.017), respectively. Eleven patients who underwent surgery by radioactive seed localization showed affected margins of the specimen (11.6%), versus 7 (13.2%) of wire localization group (p = 0.084). Reintervention was performed in 9 of the patients marked with seeds and in 7 marked with wires (p = 0.49). CONCLUSION: The use of 125I radioactive seeds is feasible in non-palpable breast lesions, with a low rate of reintervention and volumes of surgical specimens significantly lower than those obtained by wire localization

125I radioactive seed localization for non-palpable lesions in breast cancer. / Semillas de 125I en la localización de lesiones no palpables en pacientes con cáncer de mama.

AIM: Marking of non-palpable breast lesions with 125I radioactive seeds is an alternative to the use of the surgical wire. The objective of this work is to present the results that we have obtained using radioactive seed localization compared to the reference technique in our center, the wire localization of non-palpable breast lesions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Longitudinal prospective study that includes patients with histological diagnostic of breast cancer, with non-palpable lesions that are candidates to primary surgical treatment by radioactive seed localization (2016-2018) and by wire localization (2015-2016). Histological analysis of the surgical specimen was performed determining the status of surgical margins. The volume of the surgical specimen was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 146 patients were included, 95 who underwent surgery by radioactive seed localization and 51 by wire localization. The mean cube volume of the specimens were 135.67cm3 vs. 190.77cm3 (p=0.017), respectively. Eleven patients who underwent surgery by radioactive seed localization showed affected margins of the specimen (11.6%), versus 7 (13.2%) of wire localization group (p=0.084). Reintervention was performed in 9 of the patients marked with seeds and in 7 marked with wires (p=0.49). CONCLUSION: The use of 125I radioactive seeds is feasible in non-palpable breast lesions, with a low rate of reintervention and volumes of surgical specimens significantly lower than those obtained by wire localization.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer and positive axillary nodes at initial diagnosis

Objetivo. Valorar la utilidad de la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela (BGC) después de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante (QTN) en pacientes con cáncer de mama operable y axila positiva al diagnóstico. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2012 en 52 pacientes, con una edad media de 50,7 años y con cáncer de mama infiltrante T1-3, N1, M0 (uno bilateral, 7 multifocales), tratadas con epirrubicina/ciclofosfamida, docetaxel y trastuzumab en HER-2/neu positivas. El estatus axilar se estableció por la exploración física, la ecografía axilar y la punción ecoguiada de ganglios sospechosos. El día antes de la cirugía se inyectó periareolarmente 74-111 MBq de 99mTc-nanocoloide de albúmina. En todas se realizó una cirugía mamaria, una BGC y una linfadenectomía axilar. El GC se analizó por cortes de congelación, hematoxilina-eosina, inmunohistoquímica u OSNA. Resultados. Tamaño medio del tumor: 3,5 cm. Tipo histológico: 81,1% carcinoma ductal infiltrante. Respuesta completa al tumor primario: clínica 43,4%, patológica 41,5%. Ninguna de las pacientes presentó adenopatías axilares palpables después del tratamiento. Respuesta completa patológica axilar: 42,2%. El porcentaje de identificación del GC fue de 84,9%. En 6 de las 8 pacientes sin migración del nanocoloide la axila resultó positiva en el estudio anatomopatológico. En el 95,5% de los casos el GC determinó correctamente el estatus axilar. La tasa de falsos negativos fue de 8,3%. En el 68,2% de los casos el GC fue el único afectado de la axila. El número medio de GC identificados fue de 1,9 y el de ganglios axilares extirpados fue de 13,2. Conclusión. La BGC post-QTN es una técnica segura y factible en pacientes con cáncer de mama operable T1-3, N1 y axila clínicamente negativa después del tratamiento (AU)

Aim. To evaluate the utility of the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with operable breast cancer and positive axillary nodes at initial diagnosis treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Material and methods. A prospective study was performed from January 2008 to December 2012 in 52 women, mean age 50.7 years, with infiltrating breast carcinoma T1-3, N1, M0 (1 bilateral, 7 multifocal) treated with epirubicin/cyclophosphamide, docetaxel and trastuzumab in Her2/neu-positive patients. Axillary evaluation included physical examination, axillary ultrasound, and ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of any suspicious lymph node. The day before surgery, 74-111 MBq of 99mTc-albumin nanocolloid was injected periareolarly. All patients underwent breast surgery, with SLNB and complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The SLNs were examined by frozen sections, hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical analysis or one-step nucleic acid amplification assay (OSNA). Results. Mean tumor size: 3.5 cm. Histologic type: 81.1% invasive ductal carcinoma. Complete response of primary tumor was clinical 43.4%, pathological 41.5%. All patients were clinically node-negative after NAC. Pathological complete response of axillary node was 42.2%. SLN identification rate was 84.9%. Axilla was positive in the pathology study in 6 of 8 patients without nanocolloid migration. SLN accurately represented the axillary status in 95.5%. False negative rate was 8.3%. SLN was the only positive node in 68.2% of patients. Mean number of SLN removed was 1.9 and of nodes resected from the ALND 13.2. Conclusion. SLN biopsy after NAC is a feasible and accurate tool in patients with operable breast cancer T1-3, N1 and clinically node-negative after therapy (AU)

Sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer and positive axillary nodes at initial diagnosis.

AIM: To evaluate the utility of the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with operable breast cancer and positive axillary nodes at initial diagnosis treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed from January 2008 to December 2012 in 52 women, mean age 50.7 years, with infiltrating breast carcinoma T1-3, N1, M0 (1 bilateral, 7 multifocal) treated with epirubicin/cyclophosphamide, docetaxel and trastuzumab in Her2/neu-positive patients. Axillary evaluation included physical examination, axillary ultrasound, and ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of any suspicious lymph node. The day before surgery, 74-111 MBq of (99m)Tc-albumin nanocolloid was injected periareolarly. All patients underwent breast surgery, with SLNB and complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The SLNs were examined by frozen sections, hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical analysis or one-step nucleic acid amplification assay (OSNA). RESULTS: Mean tumor size: 3.5 cm. Histologic type: 81.1% invasive ductal carcinoma. Complete response of primary tumor was clinical 43.4%, pathological 41.5%. All patients were clinically node-negative after NAC. Pathological complete response of axillary node was 42.2%. SLN identification rate was 84.9%. Axilla was positive in the pathology study in 6 of 8 patients without nanocolloid migration. SLN accurately represented the axillary status in 95.5%. False negative rate was 8.3%. SLN was the only positive node in 68.2% of patients. Mean number of SLN removed was 1.9 and of nodes resected from the ALND 13.2. CONCLUSION: SLN biopsy after NAC is a feasible and accurate tool in patients with operable breast cancer T1-3, N1 and clinically node-negative after therapy.

Biopsia del ganglio centinela en pacientes con cáncer de mama operable tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante / Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with operable breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Objetivo. Validar la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela (BGC) en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante. Materiales y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de enero de 2008 a enero de 2011, 88 pacientes con una edad media de 49,4 años, con cáncer de mama infiltrante T1-3, N0-1, M0, tratadas con epirrubicina/ciclofosfamida, docetaxel y trastuzumab en Her2/neu positivas. El estatus axilar se estableció por exploración física, ecografía axilar y punción ecoguiada de ganglios sospechosos. El día antes de la cirugía se inyectaron periareolarmente 74-111 MBq de 99mTc-nanocoloide de albúmina. En todas se realizó cirugía mamaria, BGC y linfadenectomía axilar. El ganglio centinela (GC) se analizó por cortes de congelación, hematoxilina-eosina, inmunohistoquímica u OSNA. Resultados. El tamaño medio del tumor fue de 3,5 cm. Según el tipo histológico, 69 se clasificaron como ductal infiltrante, 16 como lobulillar infiltrante y 3 como de otro tipo. Treinta y siete pacientes tenían axila clínica/ecográfica positiva al diagnóstico. La respuesta clínica del tumor primario fue: 38 completa, 45 parcial, 5 no respuesta. En todas las pacientes la axila fue clínica/ecográfica negativa después del tratamiento. En 25 casos hubo respuesta patológica completa en el tumor primario. El porcentaje de identificación del GC fue del 92,0%, 6 de las 7 pacientes sin migración eran axila clínica/ecográfica positiva al diagnóstico. En el 96,3% de los casos el GC determinó correctamente el estatus axilar. La tasa de falsos negativos fue del 8,3%. En el 69,4% de los casos el GC era el único afectado de la axila. El número medio de GC identificados fue 1,7 y el de ganglios axilares extirpados fue 13,2. Conclusión. La BGC es una técnica factible en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante, pudiendo evitar linfadenectomías innecesarias(AU)

Aim. To evaluate the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in operable breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Materials and methods. Between January 2008-2011, 88 women, mean age 49.4 years, with infiltrating breast carcinoma, were studied prospectively. Patients were T1-3, N0-1, M0. Prior to surgery, the patients received chemotherapy (epirubicin/cyclophosphamide, docetaxel), and trastuzumab in Her2/neu-positive patients. Axillary status was established by physical examination, ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of any suspicious lymph node. The day before surgery, 74-111 MBq of 99mTc-albumin nanocolloid was injected periareolarly. All patients underwent breast surgery, with SLNB, followed by complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Sentinel lymph node (SLN) were examined by frozen sections, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis or One Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA). Results. Mean tumor size: 3.5 cm. Histologic type: 69 invasive ductal, 16 invasive lobular and 3 others. Thirty seven patients had clinical/ultrasound node-positive at presentation. Clinical response of primary tumor to NAC: complete in 38, partial in 45, and stable disease in 5 patients. A pathological complete response was achieved in 25. All patients were clinically node-negative after NAC. SLN identification rate was 92.0%. Six of 7 patients in whom SLN was not found had clinical/ultrasound positive axilla before NAC. SLN accurately determined the axillary status in 96.5%. False negative rate was 8.3%. In 69.4% of patients, SLN was the only positive node. The mean number of SLN removed was 1.7 and nodes resected from the ALND were 13.2. Conclusion. SLN biopsy after NAC can predict the axillary status with a high accuracy in patients with breast cancer, avoiding unnecessary ALND(AU)

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with operable breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in operable breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2008-2011, 88 women, mean age 49.4 years, with infiltrating breast carcinoma, were studied prospectively. Patients were T1-3, N0-1, M0. Prior to surgery, the patients received chemotherapy (epirubicin/cyclophosphamide, docetaxel), and trastuzumab in Her2/neu-positive patients. Axillary status was established by physical examination, ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of any suspicious lymph node. The day before surgery, 74-111 MBq of (99m)Tc-albumin nanocolloid was injected periareolarly. All patients underwent breast surgery, with SLNB, followed by complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Sentinel lymph node (SLN) were examined by frozen sections, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis or One Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA). RESULTS: Mean tumor size: 3.5 cm. Histologic type: 69 invasive ductal, 16 invasive lobular and 3 others. Thirty seven patients had clinical/ultrasound node-positive at presentation. Clinical response of primary tumor to NAC: complete in 38, partial in 45, and stable disease in 5 patients. A pathological complete response was achieved in 25. All patients were clinically node-negative after NAC. SLN identification rate was 92.0%. Six of 7 patients in whom SLN was not found had clinical/ultrasound positive axilla before NAC. SLN accurately determined the axillary status in 96.5%. False negative rate was 8.3%. In 69.4% of patients, SLN was the only positive node. The mean number of SLN removed was 1.7 and nodes resected from the ALND were 13.2. CONCLUSION: SLN biopsy after NAC can predict the axillary status with a high accuracy in patients with breast cancer, avoiding unnecessary ALND.

Avances en quimioterapia, terapia intraperitoneal y de último recurso / No disponible

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Técnicas de reconstrucción mamaria / Breast reconstruction technique

La reconstrucción de la mama, aunque es una técnica relativamente reciente (aproximadamente 30 años) se ha convertido en una herramienta aceptada en el manejo del cáncer de mama. Los avances en el diseño de los colgajos, la controversia sobre la seguridad de los injertos, los nuevos diseños de injertos y los cambios en el manejo de la enfermedad original de la mama están en la vanguardia de los aspectos que tienen un impacto en la reconstrucción de la mama. El incremento de la radioterapia en pacientes en las que la terapia conservadora de mama ha fracasado o como adyuvante tras la mastectomía, ha creado nuevos retos en la cirugía reconstructiva. La reconstrucción parcial después de una cirugía agresiva y conservadora de mama requiere la implementación de nuevas técnicas. Todos estos aspectos, unidos a la importante demanda de las pacientes, son los responsables de la notable evolución que la reconstrucción mamaria ha experimentado en los últimos años (AU)